> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.debian.com.mx/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Terminal Lab

> Interactive Unix tutorial with 22 guided lessons

The Terminal Lab is an interactive Unix command-line tutorial that teaches essential Unix commands through hands-on practice. With 22 progressive lessons covering everything from basic navigation to advanced system administration, it's the perfect way to learn Unix in a safe, guided environment.

## Overview

Terminal Lab features:

* **22 Interactive Lessons**: From basics to advanced topics
* **Guided Mode**: Type each command to advance
* **Free Mode**: Explore Unix commands without restrictions
* **Real Terminal Emulation**: Authentic bash-like experience
* **Tab Completion**: File and command completion
* **Command History**: Arrow keys to recall commands

## Opening Terminal Lab

Launch from the CDE panel or application menu. The lab opens with a welcome screen:

```
+--------------------------------------------+
|  DEBIAN CDE -- TERMINAL LABORATORY         |
+--------------------------------------------+
Guided lessons: type each command to advance.
Meta-commands: hint  skip  free  tutorial  clear
```

## The 22 Lessons

### Lesson 1: Navigation Basics

Learn fundamental navigation commands:

* `whoami` - Display current username
* `pwd` - Print working directory
* `ls` - List files and directories
* `ls -la` - List all files with details
* `date` - Show system date and time

### Lesson 2: Working with Directories

Directory operations:

* `cd Documents` - Change directory
* `mkdir project_web` - Create new directory
* `touch index.html style.css script.js` - Create files
* Verify with `ls`

### Lesson 3: File Operations

Basic file manipulation:

* `echo '<h1>Hello World</h1>' > index.html` - Write to file
* `cat index.html` - Display file contents
* `cp index.html index_backup.html` - Copy file
* `mv style.css styles.css` - Rename file
* `rm index_backup.html` - Delete file

### Lesson 4: Permissions & Search

File permissions and searching:

* `chmod 755 index.html` - Change permissions
* `ls -l index.html` - View permissions
* `find . -name '*.html'` - Find files by pattern
* `grep 'Hello' index.html` - Search text in files

### Lesson 5: Processes & Resources

System monitoring:

* `ps aux | head -5` - List processes
* `top -b -n 1 | head -5` - System monitor snapshot
* `free -h` - Memory usage
* `df -h` - Disk space usage

### Lesson 6: Package Management & Networking

System administration:

* `apt update` - Update package list (as root)
* `apt upgrade -y` - Upgrade packages
* `ping -c 3 google.com` - Test connectivity
* `curl -I https://debian.org` - Fetch HTTP headers

### Lesson 7: Shell Tricks & History

Shell productivity:

* `history | tail -5` - Recent commands
* `alias ll='ls -la'` - Create command alias
* `cd ~` - Return to home
* `clear` - Clear terminal screen

### Lesson 8: System Information

System details:

* `uname -a` - Kernel and architecture
* `hostname` - System hostname
* `uptime` - System uptime and load
* `who` - Logged-in users
* `last -5` - Recent login history

### Lessons 9-10: User Management

User and group operations:

* `useradd -m -s /bin/bash alice` - Create user
* `passwd alice` - Set password
* `groupadd developers` - Create group
* `usermod -aG developers alice` - Add user to group
* `id alice` - Show user IDs
* `cat /etc/passwd | grep alice` - View user info
* `sudo -l` - List sudo privileges

### Lesson 11: Getting Help

Documentation access:

* `man ls` - Manual page for ls command
* `whereis bash` - Locate binary and docs
* `locate crontab` - Find files by name

### Lesson 12: Archiving Files

Compression and archives:

* `tar -czf archive.tar.gz Documents/` - Create tarball
* `tar -tzf archive.tar.gz` - List tarball contents
* `gzip -l archive.tar.gz` - Compression info
* `zip -r project.zip Documents/` - Create zip
* `unzip -l project.zip` - List zip contents

### Lesson 13: Process Signals

Service and process management:

* `systemctl status ssh` - Service status
* `journalctl -n 5` - Recent log entries
* `crontab -l` - List cron jobs
* `crontab -e` - Edit cron jobs

### Lesson 14: Network Interfaces

Process control:

* `ps aux | grep ssh` - Find SSH processes
* `kill -9 1234` - Kill process by PID
* `pkill -f sshd` - Kill by name
* `top -b -n 1 | grep 'Cpu(s)'` - CPU usage

### Lesson 15: DNS & Remote Files

Network configuration:

* `ifconfig` - Network interfaces
* `ip addr show` - Alternative network info
* `ss -tuln` - Listening ports
* `traceroute -m 3 google.com` - Trace route

### Lesson 16: Disk & Filesystem

DNS and downloads:

* `nslookup debian.org` - DNS lookup
* `dig debian.org` - Detailed DNS query
* `wget -O- https://httpbin.org/ip` - Download file

### Lessons 17-18: Text Processing

Text manipulation tools:

* `head -3 index.html` - First 3 lines
* `tail -2 script.js` - Last 2 lines
* `wc -l index.html` - Count lines
* `sort names.txt | uniq -c` - Count unique lines
* `cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd` - Extract fields
* `sed 's/Hello/Hi/' index.html` - Text replacement
* `awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd` - Process columns
* `tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' < index.html` - Case conversion

### Lesson 19: Environment Variables

Shell environment:

* `env | head -3` - List variables
* `export MY_VAR='Hello'` - Set variable
* `echo $MY_VAR` - Print variable
* `set | head -3` - All shell variables

### Lesson 20: Symbolic Links & File Info

Links and file inspection:

* `ln -s /path/to/file link_name` - Create symlink
* `ls -l link_name` - View symlink details
* `readlink link_name` - Show symlink target
* `file index.html` - Determine file type

### Lesson 21: Advanced Permissions (ACL)

Access control lists:

* `chown alice:developers file.txt` - Change owner
* `setfacl -m u:user:rw file.txt` - Set ACL
* `getfacl file.txt` - View ACL entries

### Lesson 22: Utilities & Job Control

Final advanced topics combining previous lessons.

## Free Mode

### Switching to Free Mode

Type `free` or click the "Free Mode" button to explore Unix commands without guidance:

```
[FREE MODE] Type any command. Type "tutorial" to return to guided mode or "help".
```

### Available Commands in Free Mode

**File Operations**:

* `ls`, `cd`, `pwd`, `cat`, `mkdir`, `touch`, `rm`

**System Information**:

* `whoami`, `hostname`, `uname`, `date`

**Text Processing**:

* `echo`, `grep`, `head`, `tail`, `wc`

**Process Management**:

* `history`, `clear`

**Environment**:

* `alias`, `unalias`, `export`, `env`

**Applications**:

* `lynx [url]` - Open Lynx browser
* `man [command]` - Open man page viewer

### Bash Features in Free Mode

**Pipes**: Chain commands together

```bash theme={null}
cat file.txt | grep hello | wc -l
```

**Variables**: Use environment variables

```bash theme={null}
echo $HOME
echo $USER
export MY_VAR="test"
```

**Wildcards**: Pattern matching

```bash theme={null}
ls *.txt
rm test*.log
```

**Aliases**: Create shortcuts

```bash theme={null}
alias ll="ls -la"
alias ..="cd .."
```

## Keyboard Shortcuts

| Shortcut  | Action                       |
| --------- | ---------------------------- |
| `Ctrl+C`  | Cancel current input         |
| `Ctrl+L`  | Clear screen                 |
| `Ctrl+U`  | Clear current line           |
| `Ctrl+A`  | Move to start of line        |
| `Ctrl+E`  | Move to end of line          |
| `↑` / `↓` | Browse command history       |
| `Tab`     | Auto-complete commands/files |

## Tab Completion

### Command Completion

In guided mode:

```bash theme={null}
who<Tab>  →  whoami
```

In free mode, completes from all available commands.

### File Completion

When typing file paths:

```bash theme={null}
cat in<Tab>  →  cat index.html
cd Doc<Tab>  →  cd Documents/
```

If multiple matches exist, press Tab again to see options:

```
index.html  index_backup.html
```

## Meta-Commands

These special commands work in both modes:

| Command    | Action                                  |
| ---------- | --------------------------------------- |
| `hint`     | Show the expected command (guided mode) |
| `skip`     | Skip current step (guided mode)         |
| `free`     | Toggle free mode                        |
| `tutorial` | Return to guided mode                   |
| `clear`    | Clear terminal screen                   |

## Progress Tracking

The top bar shows:

* Current lesson number and title
* Progress bar (percentage complete)
* "LESSON 5 / 22 — Processes & Resources"

## Integration with Other Apps

### Launching Applications

From Terminal Lab in free mode:

**Lynx Browser**:

```bash theme={null}
lynx
lynx gnu.org
```

**Man Pages**:

```bash theme={null}
man ls
man grep
man
```

### Virtual Filesystem

All file operations use the Time Capsule VFS:

* Changes persist across sessions
* Integrated with File Manager
* Real file creation, modification, deletion

## Tips and Tricks

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Getting Unstuck">
    If you're stuck on a command:

    1. Type `hint` to see the expected command
    2. Type `skip` to move to the next step
    3. Use Tab completion to help with typing
    4. Type `free` to experiment without restrictions
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Learning Strategy">
    For best results:

    * Type each command manually (no copy-paste)
    * Read the output explanations
    * Experiment in free mode after completing lessons
    * Use `man` command to learn more about each tool
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Command History">
    Navigate previous commands:

    * Press `↑` to recall earlier commands
    * Press `↓` to move forward in history
    * Edit recalled commands before running
    * History persists within the session
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Realistic Output">
    The Terminal Lab provides authentic Unix output:

    * Real file listings from VFS
    * Accurate command syntax
    * Actual error messages
    * Authentic directory structure
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

## Source Code

Terminal Lab is implemented in:

* `/src/scripts/features/lab.ts`: Core tutorial engine (771 lines)
* `/src/data/tutorial.json`: 22 lessons with 100+ steps
* Full bash-like command map with pipes, variables, wildcards
* Tab completion for commands and files
* Command history with arrow key navigation